海鮮煮夫-Alex

基因組學防治蝦病

對蝦養殖主要在亞洲和拉丁美洲。其中白斑綜合症是養殖蝦最嚴重的疾病之一，目前對於這種病尚無有效的治療方法，最近科學家發現標記基因決定黑虎蝦black tiger shrimp如何抵禦疾病的基因。目前他們現在計畫尋找白蝦的抗病基因。如果該標記被用來選種種蝦對該疾病的耐受性，由疾病引起的對蝦養殖業問題將被顯著降低。

 對蝦養殖主要在亞洲和拉丁美洲。白斑綜合徵是養殖蝦的最嚴重的疾病之一，目前還打擊這種病尚無有效的方法。科學家們最近發現標記基因決定黑虎蝦以及如何抵禦疾病，他們現在準備尋找在白蝦的基因。

 如果該標記被用來繁殖種蝦對該疾病的耐受性，由疾病引起的對蝦養殖業的問題將被顯著降低。

 白斑病病毒（WSSV）能夠在感染的10天內殺死池塘內所有的蝦子。本病有時將完全摧毀該地區的對蝦養殖產業。目前尚無有效的防止疫情及疾病的治療方法。

 印度和挪威科學家一直在尋找的蝦基因預防性解決方案。他們已合作在尋求基因標記，這基因組中位於針對蝦類病毒免疫。在挪威食品研究所Nofima Nicholas Robinson資深科學家認為，研究結果將會對蝦類繁殖產生重大的影響：

 “這些基因標誌已經於虎蝦中發現，有助於選擇高抗病性種蝦”這些標記將有助於育種計劃的改進。由於蝦的生成時間短，我們可以預計在幾年內將看到明顯的效果，“羅賓遜說。

 蝦的第一個基因標記

 這是第一個廣泛的實驗，其中相關的疾病的基因標記物已經於蝦被發現。

 這項研究已經進行了Nofima和印度CIBA（鹹水養殖中央研究所），並資助由挪威研究理事會和生物技術的印度部門。

 除了發現標記在黑虎蝦抗病性，科學家們還發現標記基因決定性別。基因標記性可以協助孵化場生產全雌蝦養殖。一般而言雄蝦較小，生長緩慢，所以決定性別的標記發現能夠使水產養殖人員出示健康的蝦增長更為迅速。

 尋找疾病標誌物

 在各個蝦的基因遺傳密碼（DNA序列）進行了分析，作為科學家所尋求的標記。變異的近4000個基因的DNA序列中內已被暴露於疾病大群體進行比較。科學家正在感染並在它們的基因遺傳密碼後尋找的蝦的存活的持續時間之間的相關性。有可能以這種方式來揭示與抗性的疾病的患者相關聯的9基因標記。其中的一些是存在於或接近，這​​是已知的基因具有相關的免疫魚的函數。

 科學家們正計劃研究相同的基因是否會影響南美白對蝦的白斑病的抗性。這將通過同一個來源提供資金，而新的合作夥伴將參與其中。白對蝦也可用於水產養殖，印度和一些亞洲國家。

 “我們現在開始為白對蝦具有相同目標的項目的過程 - 發現遺傳的工具，可以減少疾病，是對蝦養殖普遍，”總結羅賓遜。

關於Nofima

Nofima，食品，漁業和水產養殖研究的挪威研究所，成立於2008年。Nofima是歐洲最大的漁業，水產養殖及食品等領域中的應用研究機構之一。

該研究所擁有員工約350，年營業額約530億挪威克朗。

我們開展國際公認的研究和開發解決方案，為整個價值鏈的競爭優勢。

公司總部位於特羅姆瑟，以及研究部門設在卑爾根，孫達爾瑟拉，斯塔萬格，特羅姆瑟和AS。

原文網址：http://aquaculturedirectory.co.uk/genomics-to-combat-shrimp-disease/#sthash.rnKUcFgO.tYoO5Vcy.dpbs

The first gene markers in shrimp

This is the first extensive experiment in which genes markers related to disease have been found in shrimp.

The research has been carried out by Nofima and the Indian CIBA (Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture), and financed by the Research Council of Norway and the Indian Department of Biotechnology.

In addition to finding markers for disease resistance in the black tiger shrimp, the scientists have also found markers for genes that determine sex. The gene markers for sex could assist hatcheries to produce exclusively female shrimp for distribution. Male shrimp are small and grow slowly, so the discovery of sex-determining markers 

can enable aquaculture personnel to produce healthier shrimp that grow more rapidly.

Finding the disease markers

The genetic code (DNA sequence) in the genes of various shrimp was analysed, as the scientists sought for the markers. Variation in the DNA sequence of nearly 4,000 genes was compared within large groups that had been exposed to the disease. The scientists were looking for correlations between the duration of survival of the shrimp after being infected and the genetic code in their genes. It was possible in this way to reveal nine gene markers that were associated with resistance to the disease. Some of these were present in, or close to, genes that are known to have a function related to immunity in fish.

The scientists are now planning to examine whether the same genes affect the resistance to white spot disease in white shrimp. This will be financed by the same sources, and new partners will be involved. White shrimp is also used in aquaculture in India and several Asian countries.

“We are now in the process of starting a project for the white shrimp with the same goals – to discover genetic tools that can reduce a disease that is widespread in shrimp aquaculture,” concludes Robinson.

About Nofima

Nofima, the Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, was established in 2008. Nofima is one of Europe’s largest institutes for applied research within the fields of fisheries, aquaculture and food.

The institute has around 350 employees and has an annual turnover of about NOK 530 million.

We carry out internationally recognised research and develop solutions that provide a competitive edge throughout the value chain.

The head office is located in Tromsø, and the research divisions are located in Bergen, Sunndalsøra, Stavanger, Tromsø and Ås.